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Pedro Antonio Marín Marín (May 13, 1930 ()〔( El Mundo: El viajo guerrillero y su delfin )〕 - March 26, 2008), known by his "nom de guerre" Manuel Marulanda Vélez, was the main leader of the FARC-EP ("''Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - Ejército del Pueblo''"). Marulanda was born in a coffee-growing region of west-central Colombia in the Quindío Department, to a peasant family politically aligned with the Liberal Party during conflicts in the 1940s and 1950s. Marulanda was nicknamed "Tirofijo" ((スペイン語:Surefire or Sureshot)) by his comrades, apparently because of a reputed ability to accurately aim firearms. Marulanda himself changed his political and ideological inclinations to the Communist Party (PCC) during "La Violencia" (roughly 1948 to 1958) that followed the assassination of the Liberal Party's leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán. In March 2006, Alberto Gonzales, the Attorney General of the United States, announced in conjunction with Drug Enforcement Administration and United States Department of Justice officials that the US State Department had placed a $5 million reward on Tirofijo's head, or for information leading to his capture.〔http://www.state.gov/p/inl/narc/rewards/63840.htm : US Department of State - Rewards〕 But 'Marulanda' was never apprehended, and died of a heart attack on March 26, 2008. He was replaced as commander-in-chief by Alfonso Cano. ==Early armed activities== (詳細はJorge Eliecer Gaitan. Initially they were defending themselves from members of the rival Conservative Party and of local police forces. Eventually, Marulanda split with some of his relatives and became part of a column of guerrilla fighters that came under the influence of the Communist Party of Colombia, which developed a more proactive role in the fighting, executing more raids and offensive operations. He took on the name "Manuel Marulanda" in honor of a murdered union leader. Marulanda eventually met and befriended Luis Morantes, also known as Jacobo Arenas, a PCC political cadre sent to the rural areas by the central party structure. Members of this group later settled in an area known as Marquetalia towards the end of "La Violencia", keeping their weapons. They distrusted the Colombian Army and government even after a 1953 coup led by General Gustavo Rojas against Conservative president Laureano Gómez. Rojas had offered an amnesty that was accepted by most Liberal irregular fighters nationwide, but reputedly the murder of a few demobilized individuals made Marulanda, his rural comrades and his PCC superiors in the cities uneasy. After the fall of Rojas in 1957 and the signing of the National Front agreement in 1958 between Colombia's two main parties, self-sufficient armed enclaves, such as the so-called "independent republics" and in particular a supposed "Marquetalia Republic", were considered dangerous by the new government. Pressure from Conservative members of Congress and from the United States led to a Colombian Army attack on Marquetalia, which was eventually overrun during what was termed "Operation Marquetalia" in May 1964. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manuel Marulanda」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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